Association between stress and catecholamines with painful TMD in children.

BACKGROUND: Studying biomarkers in children with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine may reveal factors like screen time or sleep loss that affect these biomarkers and predict TMD-related pain, offering new research opportunities. AIM: To determine the association between stress and catecholamines with myofascial pain and headache related to TMD in children. DESIGN: Sixty-six 9- to 11-year-old children assisting at the clinics of Pediatric Dentistry of Universidad CES participated in the study. Myofascial pain and headache attributed to TMD were determined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I. Stress was evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale-Children (PSS-C), and a 24-h urine sample was analyzed using liquid chromatography to assay catecholamines. Single and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Children with a mean age of 10.3 years participated in the study. The mean score of stress was 29 ± 4. Perceived stress, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were statistically significant predictors of myofascial pain and headache attributed to TMD in the single- and multiple variable logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSION: Stressful states and its biological biomarkers increase the probability of developing myofascial pain and headache attributed to TMD in children.

Urinary KIM-1 is not correlated with gestational age among 5-year-old children born prematurely.

Background: Preterm birth is associated with decreased nephron endowment. Currently, there is no reliable non-invasive biomarker to identify or monitor decreased nephron number in at-risk patients. Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a biomarker of acute and chronic renal injury. We measured urinary KIM-1 among a wide array of other potential biomarkers. Methods: We conducted an ambispective cohort study of 5-years-old children born prematurely and healthy controls identified from city schools. Detailed anthropometrics, renal ultrasound dimensions, and biochemical parameters were measured. Urinary KIM-1 was measured using Luminex® technology. Age independent z-scores were calculated and compared. Spearman correlations were used for estimating the association between measures and KIM-1. Results: We enrolled 129 children, 97 (75.2%) born pre-term and 32 (24.8%) healthy controls born at full-term. Pre-term patients had significantly lower weight and body surface area than controls. Pre-term patients and controls did not differ in current age, sex, race, height, blood pressure, urinary sodium, fractional sodium excretion, serum creatinine and estimated GFR. All spearman correlation between KIM-1 and gestational age, renal and serum measurements were weak without statistical significance. Conclusion: In 5-year-old children born prematurely, KIM-1 was not correlated with gestational age. Further prospective studies need to confirm this finding.

Effect of mercury in the influx and efflux of nutrients in the microalga Desmodesmus armatus.

Anthropogenic activities such as mining and the metallurgical industry are the main sources of mercury contamination. Mercury is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. This study aimed to investigate, using experimental kinetic data, the effect of different inorganic mercury (Hg2+) concentrations on the response of microalga Desmodesmus armatus stress. Cell growth, nutrients uptake and mercury ions from the extracellular medium, and oxygen production were determined. A Compartment Structured Model allowed elucidating the phenomena of transmembrane transport, including influx and efflux of nutrients, metal ions and bioadsorption of metal ions on the cell wall, which are difficult to determine experimentally. This model was able to explain two tolerance mechanisms against mercury, the first one was the adsorption of Hg2+ions onto the cell wall and the second was the efflux of mercury ions. The model predicted a competition between internalization and adsorption with a maximum tolerable concentration of 5.29 mg/L of HgCl2. The kinetic data and the model showed that mercury causes physiological changes in the cell, which allow the microalga to adapt to these new conditions to counteract the toxic effects. For this reason, D. armatus can be considered as a Hg-tolerant microalga. This tolerance capacity is associated with the activation of the efflux as a detoxification mechanism that facilitates the maintenance of the osmotic balance for all the modeled chemical species. Furthermore, the accumulation of mercury in the cell membrane suggests the presence of thiol groups associated with its internalization, leading to the conclusion that metabolically active tolerance mechanisms are dominant over passive ones.

Tratamiento integral en odontopediatría para hipoplasia maxilar y erupción ectópica de primeros molares superiores permanentes / Tratamento integral em odontopediatria para hipoplasia maxilar e erupção ectópica de primeiros molares superiores permanentes / Integral pediatric dentistry treatment for maxillary hypoplasia and ectopic eruption of permanent upper first molars

La erupción dental ocurre cuando el diente se mueve desde su posición no funcional hasta la oclusión en la cavidad bucal. Este proceso depende de varios factores para que suceda sin alteraciones. La erupción ectópica de los primeros molares permanentes es común en la dentición mixta y requiere tratamiento inmediato por odontopediatría. Su principal causa es un maxilar hipoplásico, causando una reabsorción atípica más rápida de lo normal apresurando la exfoliación de molares primarios y llevando a una la perdida de espacio en al arco superior y el apiñamiento. Objetivo: presentar el tratamiento integral en odontopediatría para corregir la hipoplasia maxilar. Reporte de caso: Paciente asintomático de sexo femenino de 6 años asiste por primera vez a consulta odontológica en el 2019. Al examen clínico y en las ayudas diagnósticas se observa relación esquelética clase III por maxilar hipoplásico con discrepancia dentoalveolar moderada y erupción ectópica de los primeros molares superiores permanentes. Se inicia tratamiento de expansión maxilar con Hyrax y máscara facial. luego ocurre la pérdida prematura de 55 y 65, por lo que se mesializan los molares permanentes. En 2020 se instala péndulo óseo-soportado. Al año del seguimiento se observa corrección de la vía de erupción de los primeros molares permanentes. Conclusión: El tratamiento para la erupción ectópica de los primeros molares superiores permanentes debe planease de forma integral logrando objetivos en cada periodo de tratamiento para evitar complicaciones en el futuro.

A erupção dentária ocorre quando o dente se move de sua posição não funcional até a sua oclusão na cavidade bucal. Este processo depende de vários fatores para que ocorra sem alterações. A erupção ectópica dos primeiros molares permanentes é comum na dentição mista e requer tratamento imediato por um odontopediatra. A principal causa é um maxilar hipoplásico, causando uma reabsorção atípica mais rápida, acelerando a exfoliação dos molares decíduos, levando a uma perda de espaço no arco superior e ao apinhamento. Objetivo: Apresentar o tratamento integral em odontopediatria para correção da hipoplasia maxilar. Relato de caso: Paciente assintomático, sexo feminino, 6 anos, compareceu pela primeira vez a consulta odontológica em 2019. No exame clínico e nos exames diagnósticos se observou relação esquelética classe III por maxilar hipoplásico com discrepância dentoalveolar moderada, e erupção ectópica dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes. Iniciou-se o tratamento de expansão maxilar com Hyrax e máscara facial. Logo ocorreu a perda precoce do 55 e 65, devido os molares permanentes estarem mesializados. Em 2020 instalou-se o péndulo ósseo-suportado. No ano seguinte observou-se a correção da via de erupção dos primeiros molares permanentes. Conclusão: O tratamento para a erupção ectópica dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes deve-se planejar de forma integral visando atingir objetivos em cada período de tratamento para evitar complicações no futuro.

Dental eruption occurs when the tooth moves from the non-functional position to occlusion in the oral cavity. This process depends on several factors to avoid alterations. The ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars is usual in the mixed dentition and requires immediate treatment by pediatric dentistry. The main cause is a hypoplastic maxilla, causing atypical resorption, faster than normal, hastening the exfoliation of temporal molars and leading to loss space in the upper arch and crowding. Objective: Show an integral pediatric dentistry treatment to correct maxillary hypoplasia. Case report: A 6-year-old asymptomatic female patient with class III skeletal relationship, due to hypoplastic maxilla with moderate dentoalveolar discrepancy and ectopic eruption of the first permanent upper molars. She was attended by pediatric dentistry for first time in 2019 and maxillary expansion treatment began with Hyrax and facial mask. Then occur the premature loss of 55 and 65 tooth and the permanent molars moved mesially. In 2020, a bone-supported pendulum was installed. One year after following up, the correction of eruption of the first permanent molars was observed. Conclusion: The treatment for the ectopic eruption of the first permanent upper molars must be planned in an integral way, achieving objectives in each period to avoid complications in the future

Renal volume of five-year-old preterm children are not different than full-term controls

Abstract Objective: In previous studies, smaller renal volumes were reported in prematurely born infants, however, these renal volumes were not corrected for body surface area, the main determinant of renal size. Given the rapid growth of the renal cortex after premature birth, the authors hypothesized that corrected volumes would not differ from healthy controls. Methods: Ambispective cohort study with prospective follow-up of prematurely born babies in a large specialized center and retrospectively recruited healthy control group. Children were assessed for renal length and renal volumes at age 5 by three independent ultrasonographers. Detailed anthropometry, blood pressure and renal function were also obtained. Age independent z-scores were calculated for all parameters and compared using descriptive statistics. Results: Eighty-nine premature study participants (median 32 weeks gestational age) and 33 healthy controls (median 38 weeks gestational age) were studied. Study participants did not differ in age, sex, Afro-Colombian descent, height, blood pressure, serum creatinine, or new Schwartz eGFR. Premature study participants had a significantly lower weight (17.65 ± 2.93 kg) than controls (19.05 ± 2.81 kg, p = 0.0072) and lower body surface area. The right renal volumes were significantly smaller (39.4 vs 43.4 mL), but after correction for body surface area, the renal volume and renal length z-scores were identical for both kidneys (mean right kidney -0.707 vs -0.507; mean left kidney -0.498 vs -0.524, respectively). Conclusion: Renal volumes need to be corrected to body surface area. After correction for body surface area, 5-year-old healthy and prematurely born children have comparable renal volumes.

A persistent behavioral state enables sustained predation of humans by mosquitoes.

Predatory animals pursue prey in a noisy sensory landscape, deciding when to continue or abandon their chase. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a micropredator that first detects humans at a distance through sensory cues such as carbon dioxide. As a mosquito nears its target, it senses more proximal cues such as body heat that guide it to a meal of blood. How long the search for blood continues after initial detection of a human is not known. Here, we show that a 5 s optogenetic pulse of fictive carbon dioxide induced a persistent behavioral state in female mosquitoes that lasted for more than 10 min. This state is highly specific to females searching for a blood meal and was not induced in recently blood-fed females or in males, who do not feed on blood. In males that lack the gene fruitless, which controls persistent social behaviors in other insects, fictive carbon dioxide induced a long-lasting behavior response resembling the predatory state of females. Finally, we show that the persistent state triggered by detection of fictive carbon dioxide enabled females to engorge on a blood meal mimic offered up to 14 min after the initial 5 s stimulus. Our results demonstrate that a persistent internal state allows female mosquitoes to integrate multiple human sensory cues over long timescales, an ability that is key to their success as an apex micropredator of humans.

Renal volume of five-year-old preterm children are not different than full-term controls.

OBJECTIVE: In previous studies, smaller renal volumes were reported in prematurely born infants, however, these renal volumes were not corrected for body surface area, the main determinant of renal size. Given the rapid growth of the renal cortex after premature birth, the authors hypothesized that corrected volumes would not differ from healthy controls. METHODS: Ambispective cohort study with prospective follow-up of prematurely born babies in a large specialized center and retrospectively recruited healthy control group. Children were assessed for renal length and renal volumes at age 5 by three independent ultrasonographers. Detailed anthropometry, blood pressure and renal function were also obtained. Age independent z-scores were calculated for all parameters and compared using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Eighty-nine premature study participants (median 32 weeks gestational age) and 33 healthy controls (median 38 weeks gestational age) were studied. Study participants did not differ in age, sex, Afro-Colombian descent, height, blood pressure, serum creatinine, or new Schwartz eGFR. Premature study participants had a significantly lower weight (17.65 ± 2.93 kg) than controls (19.05 ± 2.81 kg, p = 0.0072) and lower body surface area. The right renal volumes were significantly smaller (39.4 vs 43.4 mL), but after correction for body surface area, the renal volume and renal length z-scores were identical for both kidneys (mean right kidney -0.707 vs -0.507; mean left kidney -0.498 vs -0.524, respectively). CONCLUSION: Renal volumes need to be corrected to body surface area. After correction for body surface area, 5-year-old healthy and prematurely born children have comparable renal volumes.

Enteric viruses evoke broad host immune responses resembling those elicited by the bacterial microbiome.

The contributions of the viral component of the microbiome-the virome-to the development of innate and adaptive immunity are largely unknown. Here, we systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses representing six different families. Infections with most of these viruses were asymptomatic in the mice, the magnitude and duration of which was dependent on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling of mice mono-associated with these viruses unveiled general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses that persisted. Comparison with a dataset derived from analogous bacterial mono-association in mice identified bacterial species that evoke an immune response comparable with the viruses we examined. These results expand an understanding of the immune space occupied by the enteric virome and underscore the importance of viral exposure events.

Creatine-mediated crosstalk between adipocytes and cancer cells regulates obesity-driven breast cancer.

Obesity is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in breast cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. To investigate the role of crosstalk between mammary adipocytes and neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we performed transcriptomic analysis of cancer cells and adjacent adipose tissue in a murine model of obesity-accelerated breast cancer and identified glycine amidinotransferase (Gatm) in adipocytes and Acsbg1 in cancer cells as required for obesity-driven tumor progression. Gatm is the rate-limiting enzyme in creatine biosynthesis, and deletion in adipocytes attenuated obesity-driven tumor growth. Similarly, genetic inhibition of creatine import into cancer cells reduced tumor growth in obesity. In parallel, breast cancer cells in obese animals upregulated the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase Acsbg1 to promote creatine-dependent tumor progression. These findings reveal key nodes in the crosstalk between adipocytes and cancer cells in the TME necessary for obesity-driven breast cancer progression.

Immunological follow-up of patients with renal transplants: A proposal for clinical practice in Colombia / Seguimiento inmunológico después de trasplante renal: una propuesta para la práctica clínica en Colombia.

Graft damage is a process that starts at the moment of transplantation, due to comorbidities of receptor, donor status, ischemia time, ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon, among others, those induce metabolic and immune factors that ultimately trigger clinical manifestations of graft dysfunction. However, the preclinical progression between the time of transplantation and the appearance of signs and symptoms of graft damage can take weeks to years. Therefore, the implementation of rational monitoring approaches during the post-transplantation period is critical and should include not only the clinical follow-up but also anticipate immunological graft damage. In the present essay, we propose an immunological monitoring algorithm for the post-renal transplantation period.

El daño del injerto es un proceso multifactorial que se inicia tempranamente después de la mayoría de los trasplantes de donantes sin HLA idéntico. Puede deberse a las comorbilidades del receptor, al estado del donante, al tiempo de isquemia, y al fenómeno de isquemia y reperfusión, entre otros, condiciones que inducen factores metabólicos e inmunológicos que finalmente desembocan en la disfunción del injerto. Sin embargo, entre el momento del trasplante y la aparición de los signos y síntomas existe un periodo que puede tardar semanas o años. Por ello, después del trasplante renal, es importante hacer un seguimiento racional que incluya la evaluación clínica y permita anticiparse al daño inmunológico del injerto. En este ensayo se propone un algoritmo de seguimiento del injerto renal después del trasplante.

Seguimiento inmunológico después de trasplante renal: una propuesta para la práctica clínica en Colombia / Immunological follow-up of patients with renal transplants: A proposal for clinical practice in Colombia

El daño del injerto es un proceso multifactorial que se inicia tempranamente después de la mayoría de los trasplantes de donantes sin HLA idéntico. Puede deberse a las comorbilidades del receptor, al estado del donante, al tiempo de isquemia, y al fenómeno de isquemia y reperfusión, entre otros, condiciones que inducen factores metabólicos e inmunológicos que finalmente desembocan en la disfunción del injerto. Sin embargo, entre el momento del trasplante y la aparición de los signos y síntomas existe un periodo que puede tardar semanas o años. Por ello, después del trasplante renal, es importante hacer un seguimiento racional que incluya la evaluación clínica y permita anticiparse al daño inmunológico del injerto. En este ensayo se propone un algoritmo de seguimiento del injerto renal después del trasplante.

Graft damage is a process that starts at the moment of transplantation, due to comorbidities of receptor, donor status, ischemia time, ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon, among others, those induce metabolic and immune factors that ultimately trigger clinical manifestations of graft dysfunction. However, the preclinical progression between the time of transplantation and the appearance of signs and symptoms of graft damage can take weeks to years. Therefore, the implementation of rational monitoring approaches during the posttransplantation period is critical and should include not only the clinical follow-up but also anticipate immunological graft damage. In the present essay, we propose an immunological monitoring algorithm for the post-renal transplantation period.

Diseño experimental para determinar el efecto del tamaño del pellet de catalizadores bimetálicos Cu-Ni en la reacción de desplazamiento de agua / Experimental design to determine the effect of the pellet size of bimetallic Cu-Ni catalysts in the water gas shift reaction / Desenho experimental para determinar o efeito do tamanho do pellet de catalisadores bimetálicos de Cu-Ni na reacção de deslocamento de agua

Resumen Se sintetizaron catalizadores bimetálicos de Cu-Ni en relación molar 2-1 en pellets cilíndricos de carbón activado de diferentes diámetros (0,2 cm; 0,3 cm y 0,4 cm) y longitud (0,4 cm y 0,6 cm); se evaluaron en la reacción de desplazamiento de agua a 330 °C y presión atmosférica. Se realizó un diseño experimental para evaluar el efecto de las variables, diámetro y longitud, sobre la conversión del monóxido de carbono. La importancia de los principales factores y sus interacciones se examinaron por medio del análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados mostraron que tanto el diámetro como la longitud afectan significativamente la conversión del monóxido de carbono. Los resultados de la actividad catalítica, bajo las mejores condiciones de diámetro (0,4 cm) y longitud (0,6 cm) de los pellets, mostraron una conversión del monóxido de carbono del 96%.

Abstract Bimetallic Cu-Ni catalysts were synthesized with molar ratio 2-1 in cylindrical activated carbon pellets of different diameters (0.2 cm, 0.3 cm, and 0.4 cm) and length (0.4 cm and 0.6 cm). They were evaluated in the water gas shift reaction at 330 °C and atmospheric pressure. An experimental design was developed to evaluate the effect of variables, diameter and length of the pellets, over carbon monoxide conversion. The importance of the main factors and their interactions were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that both diameter and length of the pellets had significant effect on carbon monoxide conversion. The results of the catalytic activity indicated that up to 96% CO conversion was obtained at the optimum characteristic of the pellets, diameter of 0.2 cm and length of 0.6 cm.

Resumo Foram sintetizados catalisadores bimetálicos de Cu-Ni em proporção molar 2-1 sobre pastilhas de carvão ativado de diferentes diâmetros (0,2 cm; 0,3 cm e 0,4 cm) e comprimentos (0,4 cm e 0,6 cm) e foram avaliados na reação de mudança de vapor de agua a 330 °C e pressão atmosférica. Um desenho experimental foi desenvolvido para avaliar o efeito de variáveis, diâmetro e comprimento, na conversão de monóxido de carbono. A importância dos principais fatores e as suas interações foram examinados por análise de variância (ANOVA), os resultados mostraram que tanto o diâmetro e o comprimento afetam significativamente a conversão de monóxido de carbono. Os resultados da atividade catalítica com as melhores condições de diâmetro (0,4 cm) e o comprimento (0,6 cm) das pastilhas mostrou uma conversão de monóxido de carbono de 96%.

Seguimiento inmunológico con anticuerpos anti-HLA por tecnología Luminex™, ¿se puede prevenir el rechazo agudo celular y humoral en trasplante de intestino? / Anti-HLA antibody immunological follow up by the Luminex TM. Is it possible to prevent the acute cell and humoral immune rejection in small bowel transplant? Report of one case

Introducción. El trasplante de intestino mejora la supervivencia de pacientes con falla intestinal secundaria al síndrome de intestino corto. Estos receptores tienen gran riesgo de rechazo agudo, por lo cual, de manera protocolaria y como método de referencia, se practican biopsias intestinales. En este reporte de caso se hizo el seguimiento inmunológico de anticuerpos anti-HLA por tecnología Luminex™ (LSA) de un paciente con trasplante de intestino más biopsias por protocolo para un diagnóstico temprano, y una adecuada correlación histológica. Presentación del caso. Se trata de un paciente de 20 años de edad con síndrome de intestino corto, que ingresó a la Fundación Valle del Lili (Cali, Colombia) y requirió un trasplante aislado de intestino. El seguimiento inmunológico se hizo con tecnología Luminex™ y biopsias intestinales mensuales. Según la tamización contemplada en el protocolo previo al trasplante, el paciente tuvo anticuerpos anti-HLA (PRA de clase I y II) negativos; y a los 11 meses después del trasplante, los anticuerpos anti-HLA de clase I y II fueron positivos. Con la prueba de LSA se detectó un anticuerpo específico contra donantes (Donor Specific Antibodies, DSA) y varios anticuerpos contra otros subtipos moleculares. Se tomó una biopsia que mostró un leve rechazo celular agudo y se inició tratamiento con plasmaféresis. Hasta 21 meses después del trasplante, el paciente no ha presentado rechazos clínicos y ha tenido una adecuada evolución clínica y paraclínica Conclusión. Este es el primer trasplante de intestino en nuestro centro, en el que se hace seguimiento inmunológico con tecnología Luminex™. Consideramos que la detección con DSA es un buen marcador de rechazo agudo humoral, que permitiría una aproximación diagnóstica y una intervención oportuna

Background: Small bowel transplant improves survival of the recipients that have intestinal failure secondary to short bowel syndrome. These patients have a high risk of acute rejection; for this reason bowel biopsies are performed as protocol and is the gold standard. Immunological follow-up of anti-HLA antibodies with Luminex® technology (LSA) was carried out in a patient with intestinal transplant and biopsies were performed to achieve an early diagnosis and a suitable histological correlation. Case report: A 20-year-old patient with short bowel syndrome secondary to extensive intestinal resection due to a complicated appendicitis underwent isolated bowel transplantation. The post-transplant immunological follow-up was performed with LSA and monthly intestinal biopsies. Antibodies with mean fluorescence intensity greater than 1500 were positive. During the pre-transplant protocol, the patient was screened for anti-HLA antibodies with negative results. Eleven months post-transplant, the screening test for anti-HLA Class I and II antibodies was positive; the specificity of the LSA test detected one specific donor antibody (DSA) and several antibodies against other molecular subtypes. The biopsy result was a mild acute cellular rejection and plasmapheresis therapy was started. The patient has not presented a clinical rejection, and at 21 months post-transplantation exhibits an adequate clinical and paraclinical evolution. Conclusions: This is the first small bowel transplant where immunological follow-up is done with LSA. We believe that the detection of DSA is a marker of acute humoral rejection that allows a diagnostic approach and a timely intervention

Epidemiology of polyomavirus BK (BKV) and the emergent African variant in kidney and bone marrow transplant recipients in the Fundacion Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia.

To describe the epidemiology of BKV and to assess the presence of the African variant in bone marrow and kidney transplant patients who have suspected BKV reactivation. A descriptive study was conducted, using institutional records, at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali-Colombia. The overall prevalence of BKV during the study period was 51%. The African variant was identified in 49.4% of samples that were positive for BKV. 50.6% of the samples were found to have the wild strain of BKV. Among BKV positive patients, 57% were kidney transplant recipients and 43% were bone marrow transplant recipients. This is the first epidemiological study describing the African variant of BKV in Colombia.

First principle-based models in plant suspension cell cultures: a review.

In this work, the development and application of published models for describing the behavior of plant cell cultures is reviewed. The structure of each type of model is analyzed and the new tendencies for the modeling of biotechnological processes that can be applied in plant cell cultures are presented. This review is a tool for clarifying the main features that characterize each type of model in the field of plant cell cultures and can be used as a support on the selection of the more suitable model type, taking into account the purpose of specific research.

Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress.

There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. Rats were fed for four months with either high-fat + sucrose (HFS) or high-fat + fructose (HFF) or a control diet (C). Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. The type of carbohydrate differentially modified the microbiota composition, however, both groups significantly decreased C. eutactus with respect to the C group. Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF.

Effect of removable functional appliances on mandibular length in patients with class II with retrognathism: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Orthopedic functional devices, are used to improve mandibular length in skeletal class II patients. However, the orthopedic functional device with the best effect to increasing the mandibular length, has not been identified before. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), to determine the best functional appliance improving mandibular length in subjects with retrognathism. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, including studies published and indexed in databases between 1966 and 2016. RCTs evaluating functional appliances' effects on mandibular length (Condilion-Gnation (Co-Gn) and Condilion-Pogonion (Co-Po)), were included. Reports' structure was evaluated according to 2010 CONSORT guide. The outcome measure was distance between Co-Gn and/or Co-Po after treatment. Data were analyzed with Cochran Q Test and random effects model. RESULTS: Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall difference in mandibular length was 1.53 mm (Confidence Interval (CI) 95% 1.15-1.92) in comparison to non-treated group. The Sander Bite Jumping reported the greatest increase in mandibular length (3.40 mm; CI 95% 1.69-5.11), followed by Twin Block, Bionator, Harvold Activator and Frankel devices. CONCLUSIONS: All removable functional appliances, aiming to increase mandibular length, are useful. Sander Bite Jumping was observed to be the most effective device to improve the mandibular length.

Structured model and parameter estimation in plant cell cultures of Thevetia peruviana.

In this work, a mechanistic model for predicting the dynamic behavior of extracellular and intracellular nutrients, biomass production, and the main metabolites involved in the central carbon metabolism in plant cell cultures of Thevetia peruviana is presented. The proposed model is the first mechanistic model implemented for plant cell cultures of this species, and includes 28 metabolites, 33 metabolic reactions, and 61 parameters. Given the over-parametrization of the model, its nonlinear nature and the strong correlation among the effects of the parameters, a parameter estimation routine based on identifiability analysis was implemented. This routine reduces the parameter's search space by selecting the most sensitive and linearly independent parameters. Results have shown that only 19 parameters are identifiable. Finally, the model was used for analyzing the fluxes distribution in plant cell cultures of T. peruviana. This analysis shows high uptake of phosphates and parallel uptake of glucose and fructose. Furthermore, it has pointed out the main central carbon metabolism routes for promoting biomass production in this cell culture.

Guía colombiana para el diagnóstico de la deficiencia de lipasa ácida / Colombian Guidelines for Diagnosis of Lipase Acid Deficiency

Resumen Introducción: la deficiencia de lipasa ácida lisosomal (LAL-D) es una entidad de herencia autosómica recesiva que lleva a la acumulación de esteres de colesterol y triglicéridos en el hígado, bazo y otros órganos. La edad de inicio y la tasa de progresión son muy variables, lo que posiblemente sea explicado por las mutaciones presentes en el gen LIPA. Las manifestaciones clínicas son las mismas que para otras patologías hepáticas, cardiovasculares y metabólicas, lo que hace difícil reconocerla en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: proveer una guía que permita a los clínicos reconocer los principales grupos de riesgo en los cuales se debe sospechar de LAL-D y mejorar su diagnóstico. Metodología: este documento se diseñó como un consenso de expertos en el cual participaron médicos especialistas en gastroenterología, hepatología, endocrinología, genética, patología y pediatría. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura acerca de las manifestaciones clínicas y de las herramientas para el diagnóstico de LAL-D y se siguió la metodología de técnica de grupo nominal. Resultados: se generaron algoritmos diagnósticos por consenso para cada uno de los grupos de riesgo, que facilitaran la sospecha y el diagnóstico de LAL-D. Conclusiones: esta guía propone algoritmos para el diagnóstico de LAL-D con base en el consenso clínico, que buscan optimizar la ruta diagnóstica en los pacientes con dicha patología.

Abstract Introduction: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an inherited autosomal recessive entity that leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and triglyceride esters in the liver, spleen and other organs. The age of onset and rate of progression vary greatly, possibly explained by mutations of the LIPA gene. Clinical manifestations are the same as those of other hepatic, cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies which makes it difficult to recognize in clinical practice. Objective: The objectives of these guidelines is to help clinicians recognize the major groups at risk for LAL-D and to improve its diagnosis. Methodology: This document was designed as a consensus of experts in gastroenterology, hepatology, endocrinology, genetics, pathology and pediatrics. A review of the literature regarding clinical manifestations and tools for diagnosis of LAL-D was conducted and the nominal group technique was followed. Results: Diagnostic algorithms which facilitate suspicion and diagnosis of LAL-D were generated by consensus for each of the risk groups. Conclusions: This guide proposes algorithms for the diagnosis of LAL-D based on clinical consensus. The algorithms seek to optimize diagnosis for patients with this pathology.

Model-based identifiable parameter determination applied to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process model for bio-ethanol production.

In this work, a methodology for the model-based identifiable parameter determination (MBIPD) is presented. This systematic approach is proposed to be used for structure and parameter identification of nonlinear models of biological reaction networks. Usually, this kind of problems are over-parameterized with large correlations between parameters. Hence, the related inverse problems for parameter determination and analysis are mathematically ill-posed and numerically difficult to solve. The proposed MBIPD methodology comprises several tasks: (i) model selection, (ii) tracking of an adequate initial guess, and (iii) an iterative parameter estimation step which includes an identifiable parameter subset selection (SsS) algorithm and accuracy analysis of the estimated parameters. The SsS algorithm is based on the analysis of the sensitivity matrix by rank revealing factorization methods. Using this, a reduction of the parameter search space to a reasonable subset, which can be reliably and efficiently estimated from available measurements, is achieved. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bio-ethanol production from cellulosic material is used as case study for testing the methodology. The successful application of MBIPD to the SSF process demonstrates a relatively large reduction in the identified parameter space. It is shown by a cross-validation that using the identified parameters (even though the reduction of the search space), the model is still able to predict the experimental data properly. Moreover, it is shown that the model is easily and efficiently adapted to new process conditions by solving reduced and well conditioned problems.